{"id":2180,"date":"2014-06-29T01:44:26","date_gmt":"2014-06-28T17:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.huzs.top\/?p=2180"},"modified":"2014-07-12T01:45:02","modified_gmt":"2014-07-11T17:45:02","slug":"systemd%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/?p=2180","title":{"rendered":"systemd\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>CentOS 6\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u7248\u672c\u91c7\u7528SysVinit\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\/etc\/inittab\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6765\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5176\u4e32\u884c\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u963b\u585e\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<br \/>CentOS 7\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528SystemD,\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4e86\u89e3SystemD.<\/p>\n<p>\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605: RedHat \u4ea7\u54c1\u6587\u6863<br \/>\u4f7f\u7528systemd\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1: <a title=\"\u4f7f\u7528systemd\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-US\/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux\/7\/html\/System_Administrators_Guide\/chap-Managing_Services_with_systemd.html\" target=\"_blank\">Chapter 6. Managing Services with systemd<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001 SystemD\u8d77\u6e90<\/strong><br \/>SystemD\u662fLinux\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u79cdinit\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531Lennart Poettering\u5e26\u5934\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728LGPL 2.1\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u7eed\u7248\u672c\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u4e0b\u5f00\u6e90\u53d1\u5e03\u3002Lennart\u662fredhat\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u4f46SystemD\u4e0d\u662fredhat\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5176\u5f00\u53d1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4f9d\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u964d\u4f4eShell\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee3\u66ff\u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u7528\u7684System V\u4e0eBSD\u98ce\u683cinit\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<br \/>SystemD\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u5b57\u6e90\u4e8eUnix\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ef\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728Unix\u4e2d\u5e38\u4ee5\u201cd\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1adaemon\uff0c\u4ea6\u79f0\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0cSystemD\u4ea6\u662f\u501f\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u672f\u8bedD\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u5373\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br \/>SystemD\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u6539\u8fdbSysVinit\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0eUbuntu\u7684upstart\u5f62\u6210\u6280\u672f\u7ade\u4e89\u3002SystemD\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u82f9\u679c\u7684launchd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u66f4\u5c11\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u4e8eSysVinit\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u57fa\u7840\uff09\u3002SystemD\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9Shell\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u4f20\u7edfSysVinit\u4f7f\u7528inittab\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u54ea\u4e9bShell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528Shell\u811a\u672c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002SystemD\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Linux\u4e13\u5c5e\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u987e\u53caPOSIX\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u7a81\u7834\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u521b\u4fe1\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5e02\u573a\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u8bc4\u5224\u3002<br \/>\u4e0e\u591a\u6570\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4f7f\u7528\u7684System V\u98ce\u683cinit\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cSystemD\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff1a<br \/>\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u91c7\u7528Socket\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5f0f\u4e0e\u603b\u7ebf\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5f0f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5404\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u6027\u80fd\uff1b<br \/>\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u7528cgroups\u4ee3\u66ffPID\u6765\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e24\u6b21fork\u4e4b\u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8131\u79bbsystemd\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<br \/>\u4ece\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6784\u601d\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eSystemD\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86cgroup\u4e0efanotify\u7b49\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8eLinux\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8ekFreeBSD\u5206\u652f\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u65e0\u6cd5\u7eb3\u5165SystemD\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001 SystemD \u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><br \/>\u7528SystemD\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff08init tool\uff09\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002SystemD \u542b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8eSysVinit\u3002<br \/>SystemD\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u867d\u9762\u4e16\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5374\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u628a\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3aupstart\u548cSysVinit\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4e0eupstart\u548cSysVinit\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u91cc\u9762\u719f\u6089\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u6280\u5de7\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8eSystemD\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u6b63\u5229\u7528\u597d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3SystemD\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u3002<br \/>\u7ed9SystemD\u4f20\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662fsystemctl\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u53f0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u9700\u8981root\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975eroot\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u80fd\u4e0b\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\uff08unit\uff09\u201d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6302\u8f7d\u53ca\u68c0\u6d4b\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e\u786c\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\u670d\u52a1\uff08service\uff09\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u5b83\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528SysVinit\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u91cc\u5219\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u811a\u672c\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\u6302\u8f7d\uff08mount\uff09\u4e0e\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\uff08automount\uff09\u5355\u4f4d\u7528\u6765\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff08socket\uff09\u5355\u4f4d\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5229\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u542f\u52a8\u53e6\u4e00\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u8ba9systemctl\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u6240\u6709\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a<br \/>systemctl &#8211;type=service<br \/>SystemD\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u9012\u4ea4\u7ed9less\u663e\u793a,\u5217\u8868\u4e2d:<br \/>\u7b2c\u4e00\u680f\u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u540d\u5b57;<br \/>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u680f\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7531SystemD\u6b63\u786e\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<br \/>\u7b2c\u4e09\u680f\u5219\u4e3a\u8be5\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86-a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u975e\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u5f15\u5bfc\u7cfb\u7edf\u672a\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\u7b2c\u56db\u680f\u5219\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u201cexited\u201d\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e,\u8bf8\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7531\u4e8e\u8003\u8651\u5230\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u5728SysVinit\u91cc\u9762\u5e38\u7528\u7684\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.local\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u201cRunning\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982cron\u3001dbus\u3001sshd\u548cudev\u3002<br \/>\u7b2c\u4e94\u680f\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6807\u6709\u201cLSB\u201d\u6216\u201cSYSV\u201d\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5df2\u7531systemd\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u4f20\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u3002<br \/>\u4e0d\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u680f\u4e2d\u7528\u7ea2\u8272\u6807\u4e3a\u201cfailed\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5bdf\u770b\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u4f55\u65f6\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<br \/>systemctl status ntpd.service<br \/>systemctl\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u6587\u672c\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08agetty\uff09\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u578b\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aSystemD\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8eSysvinit\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u50cf\u7ba1\u7406\u666e\u901a\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u6837\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1. SystemD\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<br \/>systemctl is-enabled .service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u67e5\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8<br \/>sudo systemctl enable .service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5f00\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1<br \/>sudo systemctl disable .service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u53d6\u6d88\u5f00\u673a\u8fd0\u884c<br \/>sudo systemctl start .service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1<br \/>sudo systemctl stop .service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1<br \/>sudo systemctl restart .service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1<br \/>sudo systemctl reload .service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>systemctl status .service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u67e5\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001<br \/>systemctl &#8211;failed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u663e\u793a\u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>2. \u5f00\u673a\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d<br \/>\/etc\/modules-load.d\/.conf\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u539frc.conf\u4e2d\u7684MODULES\u53d8\u91cf<br \/>\u6a21\u5757\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u4ecd\u5728\/etc\/modprobe.d\/\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982blacklist.conf:<\/p>\n<p>3. Locale<br \/>\/etc\/locale.conf\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u539frc.conf\u4e2d\u7684LOCALE<\/p>\n<p>4. \u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1<br \/>systemd\u81ea\u5e26\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53c2\u8003systemd Journal<br \/>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664syslog-ng\u4e86<\/p>\n<p>5. \u4e3b\u673a\u540d<br \/>\/etc\/hostname\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u539f\u6765rc.conf\u4e2d\u7684HOSTNAME\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>6. \u7f51\u7edc<br \/>\u8fd8\u662f\u7528NetworkManager\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001 \u5355\u4f4d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\uff08target\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. \u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5904\u7406<br \/>\u521b\u5efa\u5355\u4f4d\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e\/lib\/systemd\/system\/\uff0c\u4f46\/etc\/systemd\/system\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\u3002<br \/>\u5355\u4f4d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684SysVinit\u811a\u672c\u8981\u77ed\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7NTP\u6765\u540c\u6b65\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53ea\u6709\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u884c\uff1a<br \/>1\u00a0 [Unit]<br \/>2\u00a0 Description=Network Time Service<br \/>3<br \/>4\u00a0 [Service]<br \/>5\u00a0 ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/ntpd -n -u ntp:ntp -g<br \/>6<br \/>7\u00a0 [Install]<br \/>8\u00a0 WantedBy=multi-user.target<br \/>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u7531[Unit]\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u822c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u7b80\u77ed\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<br \/>[Service]\u4e00\u8282\u542b\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<br \/>[Install]\u4e00\u8282\u5305\u542b\u4e86SystemD\u5728\uff08\u53cd\uff09\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u76ee\u6807<br \/>\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0eSysVinit\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3a\u8003\u8651\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0cSystemD\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u88c5\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684kernel\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165single\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1bSystemD\u5c31\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6d3brescue.target\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u754c\u9762\u3002<br \/>\u5728SystemD\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u975e\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u767b\u5f55\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u7531multi-user.target\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u6765\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u52a8\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<br \/>ln -sf \/lib\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target \/etc\/systemd\/system\/default.target<br \/>\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u540e\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u52a8\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u767b\u5f55\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5c06graphical.target\u8bbe\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b5\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u88c5\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e3akernel\u6307\u5b9a\u60f3\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a<br \/>systemd.unit=multi-user.target<br \/>\u5982\u60f3\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u7528systemctl\u7684isolate\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u9700\u8981root\u6743\u9650\uff09\uff1a<br \/>systemctl isolate rescue.target<br \/>\u5207\u6362\u4e3arescue\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u8bf4\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0cSystemD\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u4e0e\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u505c\u6b62\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528emergency.target\u6765\u8fdb\u5165\u7d27\u6025\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08emergency mode\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ea\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<br \/>3. \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<br \/>SystemD\u7528target\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86runlevel\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7684target\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u5176\u5b83\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684target\u3002<br \/>sudo systemctl list-units &#8211;type=target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u67e5\u8be2\u5f53\u524dtarget<br \/>sudo systemctl isolate graphical.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524dtarget\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u65e0\u6548<br \/>sudo systemctl enable multi-user.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u6539\u53d8\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4target<br \/>sudo systemctl enable kdm.service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #graphical\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4target\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684display manager<br \/>4. \u5176\u4ed6<br \/>sudo systemctl reboot #systemctl\u8fd8\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u3001\u6302\u8d77\u7b49\u529f\u80fdsudo systemctl suspend<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CentOS 6\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u7248\u672c\u91c7\u7528SysVinit\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\/etc\/initta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2180"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2204,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2180\/revisions\/2204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}