{"id":2259,"date":"2014-09-08T17:36:37","date_gmt":"2014-09-08T09:36:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.huzs.top\/?p=2259"},"modified":"2014-09-14T12:45:56","modified_gmt":"2014-09-14T04:45:56","slug":"https%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%9c%80%e5%88%9d%e7%9a%84%e8%8b%a5%e5%b9%b2%e6%af%ab%e7%a7%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/?p=2259","title":{"rendered":"HTTPS\u8fde\u63a5\u6700\u521d\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u6beb\u79d2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e76\u7ed3\u5e10\u201d\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5373\u5c06\u5bf9\uff08\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff09\u4e0eAmazon\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u521d\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u6beb\u79d2\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u70b9\u51fb\u7ee7\u7eed\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9875\u9762\u5c06\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2264\" src=\"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1.png\" alt=\"1\" width=\"273\" height=\"102\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u77ed\u6682\u7684220\u6beb\u79d2\u5185\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0cFirefox\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u680f\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u653e\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u72b6\u7684\u56fe\u6807\u3002\u5728\u6211\u6700\u559c\u7231\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wireshark.org\/\">Wireshark<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u7565\u5fae\u4fee\u6539\u7684Firefox\u8c03\u8bd5\u7248\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u770b\u4e2a\u7a76\u7adf\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2818\">RFC 2818<\/a>\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0cFirefox\u660e\u767d\u201chttps\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5Amazon.com\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2818#section-2.3\">443\u7aef\u53e3<\/a>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5c06HTTPS\u548c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secure_Sockets_Layer\">SSL<\/a>(Secure Sockets Layer)\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0cSSL\u662f<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/projects\/security\/pki\/nss\/history.html\">Netscape\u516c\u53f8\u572890\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u53d1\u660e\u7684<\/a>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c31\u6e10\u6e10\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8eNetscape\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06SSL\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u5de5\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1\u7ec4\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IETF\">IETF<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540eNetscape\u7248\u672c\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secure_Sockets_Layer\">TLS<\/a>\uff09\uff0cTLS1.0\u662f\u57281999\u5e741\u6708\u4efd\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8eTLS\u8bde\u751f\u90fd10\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201cSSL\u201d\u4f20\u8f93\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u89c1\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>Client Hello<\/h4>\n<p>TLS\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u8bb0\u5f55\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4ece\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff08hex\uff09\u5b57\u82820x16=22\uff0c\u8fd9<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iana.org\/assignments\/tls-parameters\/tls-parameters.xhtml\">\u8bf4\u660e<\/a>\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u662f0x0301\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f3.1\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0aTLS1.0\u5c31\u662fSSL3.1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u201cClient Hello\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff080x01\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\t<\/p>\n<li>\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/4.png\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\u524d\u9762\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\uff08Coordinated Universal Time\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coordinated_Universal_Time\">UTC<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662fUnix\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece1970\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u5230\u6b64\u523b\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u8be5\u6570\u5b57\u662f0x4a2f07ca\u3002\u8ddf\u968f\u5176\u540e\u662f28\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\t<\/p>\n<li>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6807\u8bc6\uff08session id\uff09\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/4-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b83\u662f\u7a7a\u503c\u6216\u8005\u662fnull\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u51e0\u79d2\u524d\u8be5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u66fe\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7Amazon.com\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6574\u4e2a\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\t<\/p>\n<li>\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/4-2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\u5b83\u662f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002\u6700\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secure_Sockets_Layer\">TLS<\/a>_<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elliptic_Curve_Diffie-Hellman\">ECDHE<\/a>_<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elliptic_Curve_DSA\">ECDSA<\/a>_\u4e0e_<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Encryption_Standard\">AES<\/a>_256_<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29\">CBC<\/a>_<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SHA_hash_functions#SHA-0_and_SHA-1\">SHA<\/a>\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u8be5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u652f\u6301\u7684\u53e6\u591633\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u4f60\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0Amazon\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\t<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc4366#section-3.1\">server_name extension<\/a>:<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/4-3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9Amazon.com\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6b63\u8981\u8fde\u63a5<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/\">https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aTLS\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684HTTP\u4f20\u8f93\u4e4b\u524d \u3002HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2616#section-14.23\">\u201cHost\u201d<\/a>\u5934\uff0c \u8fd9\u5c31\u5141\u8bb8\u4e86Internet\u6258\u7ba1\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u4e8e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u540c\u4e00IP \u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0aSSL\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684IP\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u54cd\u5e94\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6240\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u6700\u540e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e IPv4\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8fd9\u4e00\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u5927\u6982\u80fd\u518d\u591a\u4e00\u5468\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Server Hello<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8eClient Hello\uff0cAmazon.com\u4e5f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305(2,551\u5b57\u8282)\u3002\u8be5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u662f0x0301\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8fd9Amazon\u652f\u6301\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684TLS1.0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\t<\/p>\n<li>&#8220;Server Hello&#8221; \u6d88\u606f\uff082\uff09\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/5.png\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<ul>\t<\/p>\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u56db\u5b57\u8282\u7684Unix\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4ee5\u53ca28\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u6ce8Clien Hello\u662f\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\t<\/p>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a32\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u91cd\u8fde\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\t<\/p>\n<li>\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u768434\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0cAmazon\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\u201cTLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5\u201d\uff080x0004\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RSA\">RSA<\/a>\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public-key_cryptography\">\u516c\u94a5<\/a>\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u6362\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RC4\">RC4<\/a>\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MD5\">MD5<\/a>\u54c8 \u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u6821\u9a8c\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u505a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3aAmazon\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d \u662f\uff0cAmazon\u51fa\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5957\u4ef6\u662f\u8fd934\u4e2a\u5957\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6d88\u8017CPU\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64Amazon\u9009\u62e9\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8282\u7701\u4e00\u4e9bCPU\u6765 \u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5730\u5411<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_L._Rivest\">Ron Rivest<\/a>\u81f4\u656c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5957\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u7528\u5230\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/ul>\n<p><\/li>\n<p>\t<\/p>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u6d88\u606f\uff0811\uff09\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/5-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5360\u636e\u4e862464\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7528\u5b83\u5bf9Amazon\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u82b1\u54e8\u7684\u73a9\u610f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/5-2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/li>\n<p>\t<\/p>\n<li>\u201cServer Hello \u7ed3\u675f\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0814\uff09\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/5-3.png\" alt=\"\" \/>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a0\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u201chello\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5c06\u4e0d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>\u6821\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h4>\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u8981<a href=\"http:\/\/www.koders.com\/c\/fid340AB659241B7C717B5B3E0095BBA4245FCE34FD.aspx#L862\">\u786e\u5b9a<\/a>\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u8981\u4fe1\u4efbAmazon.com\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc1\u4e66\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u68c0\u67e5Amazon\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u5e76\u4e14<a href=\"http:\/\/www.koders.com\/c\/fid9207CD3EB61F5F08E38858D14997264BEDB5B62C.aspx#L1091\">\u68c0\u67e5<\/a>\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u8be5\u6709\u6548\u671f\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e9\u4e8e\u201d2008\u5e748\u670826\u65e5\u4e14\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u665a\u4e8e\u201d2009\u5e748\u670827\u65e5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u8981<a href=\"http:\/\/www.koders.com\/c\/fid9207CD3EB61F5F08E38858D14997264BEDB5B62C.aspx?s=CERT_CheckCertValidTimes#L1211\">\u786e\u4fdd<\/a>\u8be5\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0a\u9644\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u201c\u7b7e\u540d\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endianness#Big-endian\">big-endian<\/a>\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1aBig-Endian\u548cLittle-Endian\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8c\u8fdb\u4f4d\u8d44\u6599\u50a8\u5b58\u6216\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0cBig-Endian\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u6700\u524d\u5934\uff0c\u800cLittle-Endian\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u6700\u540e\u9762\uff09\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u957f\u6574\u578b\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/6.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5148\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_in_Mathmagic_Land\">mathemagic land<\/a>\u53bb\u901f\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a<\/p>\n<h4>\u7a7f\u63d2\uff1a\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u6015\u7684RSA\u5411\u5bfc<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/575561\/do-programmers-have-to-be-good-in-mathematics-closed\">\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u77e5\u9053<\/a>\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u6709\u4f55\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u5c31\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002Amazon\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u7528RSA\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u6821\u9a8c\u5176\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RSA\">RSA<\/a>\u662fMIT\u7684\u6559\u6388<a href=\"http:\/\/people.csail.mit.edu\/rivest\/\">Ron Rivest<\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adi_Shamir\">Adi Shamir<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leonard_Adleman\">Len Adleman<\/a>\u572870\u5e74\u4ee3\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e09\u4eba\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"http:\/\/people.csail.mit.edu\/rivest\/Rsapaper.pdf\">\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>\u5c06<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extended_Euclidean_algorithm\">2000\u591a\u5e74\u6765<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euler_totient_function\">\u6570\u5b66<\/a>\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6c47\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"http:\/\/mathworld.wolfram.com\/RSAEncryption.html\">\u6f02\u4eae\u800c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5<\/a>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Primality_test\">\u9009\u62e9<\/a>\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8d28\u6570\u201cp\u201d\u548c\u201cq\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6c42\u79ef\u5f97\u5230\u201cn=p*q\u201d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u201ce\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exponentiation\">\u6307\u6570<\/a>\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4f5c\u201c\u52a0\u5bc6\u6307\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9e\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9006\u53cd\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u201cd\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u89e3\u5bc6\u6307\u6570\u201d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u201cn\u201d\u548c\u201ce\u201d\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u201cd\u201d\u8981\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201cp\u201d\u548c\u201cq\u201d\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u6254\u6389\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u201cd\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u4fdd\u5bc6\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u201cd\u201d\u548c\u201ce\u201d\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u9006\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u201cM\u201d\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u52a0\u5bc6\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u5bc6\u6587\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>C \u2261 Me (mod n)<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5148\u6c42\u201cM\u201d\u7684\u201ce\u201d\u6b21\u65b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u5b83\u5e94\u7528\u6a21\u6570\u201cn\u201d\u6c42\u4f59\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c11AM +3 hours \u2261 2 \uff08PM\uff09\uff08mod 12 hours\uff09\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u77e5\u9053\uff08\u89e3\u5bc6\u7528\u7684\uff09\u201cd\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201cd\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5df2\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u8f6c\u5e76\u8fd8\u539f\u6d88\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Cd \u2261 (Me)d \u2261 Me*d \u2261 M1 \u2261 M (mod n)<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u62ff\u7740\u201cd\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u8fdb\u884c\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6587\u6863\u201cM\u201d\u6c42\u201cd\u201d\u6b21\u5e42\u7136\u540e\u5e94\u7528\u6a21\u6570\u201cn\u201d\u6c42\u4f59\u6570\u201cS\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Md \u2261 S (mod n)<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u201c\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u201d\u5c06\u201cS\u201d\uff0c\u201cM\u201d\uff0c\u201ce\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201cn\u201d\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u201cS\u201d\u662f\u5426\u7531\u201c\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u201d\u6240 \u7b7e\uff08\u8bd1 \u6ce8\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u201ce\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u201ce\u201d\u548c\u201cd\u201d\u662f\u6210\u5bf9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201cd\u201d\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u62ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201cd\u201d\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u201ce\u201d\u624d\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u6d88 \u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5230\u4e86\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Se \u2261 (Md)e \u2261 Md*e \u2261 Me*d \u2261 M1 \u2261 M (mod n)<\/p>\n<p>\u50cfRSA\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u672c\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u201ce\u201d\uff09\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff08\u672c\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u662f\u201cd\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u201cmod n\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logarithm\">\u5bf9\u6570<\/a>\uff09\u7834\u89e3\u5b83\u3002RSA\u7684\u795e\u5947\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modular_exponentiation\">\u5f88\u5feb<\/a>\u8ba1\u7b97\/\u52a0\u5bc6C \u2261 M<sup>e<\/sup> (mod n)\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u201cd\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\/\u89e3\u5bc6C<sup>d<\/sup> \u2261 M (mod n)\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201cd\u201d\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9\u201cn\u201d\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Integer_factorization\">\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u89e3<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u201cn\u201d\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u201cp\u201d\u548c\u201cq\u201d\uff0c\u6c42\u89e3\u201cd\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NP_%28complexity%29\">\u590d\u6742<\/a>\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u7b7e\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528RSA\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u8c28\u8bb0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u90fd\u5e94\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_number_field_sieve\">\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5<\/a>\u4e5f \u5f88\u96be\u653b\u7834\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5230\u5e95\u591a\u5927\u624d\u7b97\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5462\uff1fAmazon.com\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u7531\u201cVeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA.\u201d \u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cVeriSign\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u6570\u201cn\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a2048\u6bd4\u7279\u957f\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u621010\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f617\u4f4d\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>1890572922 9464742433 9498401781 6528521078 8629616064 3051642608 4317020197 7241822595 6075980039 8371048211 4887504542 4200635317 0422636532 2091550579 0341204005 1169453804 7325464426 0479594122 4167270607 6731441028 3698615569 9947933786 3789783838 5829991518 1037601365 0218058341 7944190228 0926880299 3425241541 4300090021 1055372661 2125414429 9349272172 5333752665 6605550620 5558450610 3253786958 8361121949 2417723618 5199653627 5260212221 0847786057 9342235500 9443918198 9038906234 1550747726 8041766919 1500918876 1961879460 3091993360 6376719337 6644159792 1249204891 7079005527 7689341573 9395596650 5484628101 0469658502 1566385762 0175231997 6268718746 7514321<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201cn\u201d\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u201cp\u201d\u548c\u201cq\u201d\u90a3\u5c31\u795d\u4f60\u597d\u8fd0\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u50cf\u771f\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u7684VeriSign\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e86\uff09<\/p>\n<p>VeriSign\u7684\u201ce\u201d\u7684\u503c\u662f2^16 + 1 = 65537\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u201cd\u201d\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u626b\u63cf\u673a\u548c\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u4fdd\u62a4\u7740\u3002\u5728\u7b7e\u540d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cVeriSign\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1Amazon.com\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<a href=\"http:\/\/www.verisign.com\/ssl\/ssl-information-center\/ssl-basics\/index.html#a7\">\u5ba1\u67e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5546\u52a1\u6587\u6863<\/a>\u3002\u4e00\u65e6VeriSign\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u6863\u6ee1\u610f\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SHA_hash_functions#SHA-0_and_SHA-1\">SHA-1<\/a>\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u5728Wireshark\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u201csignedCertificate\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/7.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff08\u6574\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u5982\u540csignedCertificate\u6240\u793a\uff09\u8bf4\u6709\u70b9\u7528\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u5c06\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7b7e\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/7-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201cS\u201d\uff0c\u662fWireshark\u5305\u4e2d\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cencrypted\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6c42\u201cS\u201d\u7684\u201ce\u201d\u6b21\u5e42\uff08\u201ce\u201d\u662fVeriSign\u516c\u5f00\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5bf9\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u53d6\u6a21\u201cn\u201d\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4f59\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u201c\u5df2\u89e3\u5bc6\u201d\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u7b7e\u540d\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>0001FFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF00302130 0906052B0E03021A 05000414C19F8786 871775C60EFE0542 E4C2167C830539DB<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2313#page-9\">\u57fa\u4e8ePKCS #1 v1.5\u6807\u51c6<\/a>\uff0c \u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u201c00\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u201c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u52a0\u5bc6\u5757\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6574\u6570\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u6a21\u6570\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u201c01\u201d\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u94a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\uff09\u3002\u540e\u9762\u662f \u4e00\u5927\u5806\u201cFF\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u586b\u5145\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u3002\u586b\u5145\u5b57\u8282\u4ee5\u201c00\u201d\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7684\u662f&#8221;30 21 30 09 06 05 2B 0E 03 02 1A 05 00 04 14&#8243;\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc3447#page-43\">PKCS #1 v2.<\/a>\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u6307\u5b9a<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SHA_hash_functions#SHA-0_and_SHA-1\">SHA-1<\/a>\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u540e\u768420\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u5bf9\u201csignedCertificate\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u7684SHA-1\u54c8\u5e0c\u6458\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u503c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.matasano.com\/log\/558\/public-key-signature-forgery-collected\/\">\u6709\u7740\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f<\/a>\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u72ec\u7acb\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u62e5\u6709\u201cVeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA\u201d\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u9690\u542b\u5730\u4fe1\u4efb\u53ea\u6709VeriSign\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79c1\u94a5\u201cd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4fe1\u4efb\u5b83\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4fe1\u4efb\u94fe\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/7-2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u201cVeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority\u201d\u662f\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u81ea\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\uff08Network Security Services<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/projects\/security\/pki\/nss\/\">NSS<\/a>\uff09\u5e93\u4e2d<a href=\"http:\/\/bonsai.mozilla.org\/cvslog.cgi?file=mozilla\/security\/nss\/lib\/ckfw\/builtins\/certdata.txt&amp;rev=NSS_3_12_2_WITH_CKBI_1_73_RTM&amp;mark=1.51\">certdata.txt\u76841.4\u7248\u672c<\/a>\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5d4c\u5165Mozilla\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u542b\u7684\u53d7\u4fe1\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531NetScape\u7684Robert Relyea\u57282000\u5e749\u67086\u65e5\u767b\u8bb0\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u8fd8\u7559\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bc4\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u6536\u96c6\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u201dcertdata.txt \uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb8\u53ef\u6743\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5411\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff08\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb8\u53ef\u6743\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u52a0\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\uff09\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u4ece1996\u5e741\u670828\u65e5\u52302028\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Ken Thompson\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ece.cmu.edu\/%7Eganger\/712.fall02\/papers\/p761-thompson.pdf\">Reflection on Trusting Trust<\/a>\u201d\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u7ec8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9690\u5f0f\u5730\u4fe1\u4efb\u67d0\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u9690\u542b\u5730\u4fe1\u4efbRobert Relyea\u505a\u4e86\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/projects\/security\/certs\/policy\/\">Mozilla\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b56\u7565<\/a>\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e5f\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u7b7e\u540d\u90fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4efb\u94fe\u3002\u5728\u516c\u5171\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u8fd8\u672a\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cFirefox\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u9690\u542b\u5730\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e86VeriSign\u7684\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5185\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66CA\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ed8\u94b1\u7ed9VeriSign\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u4fe1\u4efb\u94fe\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5b83\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u7528\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u662fVeriSign\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb \u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u5728\u67d0\u4eba\u8033\u8fb9\u8f7b\u58f0\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4e00\u957f\u4e32\u5bc6\u7801\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08PSK\uff0cPre-shared Kay\uff09\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002TLS\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u6709\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc4279\">TLS-PSK<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u559c\u6b22\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc5054\">TLS\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5bc6\u7801\u6269\u5c55<\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\u6ca1\u80fd\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea4\u6362\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u901a\u8fc7TLS\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u66f4\u91cd\uff08\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4f55\u4e0d\u90fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u505a\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u3002 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nelsonbolyard\">Nelson Bolyard<\/a> \u5728\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.koders.com\/c\/fid1C807D78F4E4CA73466FEEAA78EA9F0B2D618199.aspx#L260\">SSL_AuthCertificate \u51fd\u6570<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><\/p>\n<pre>\/* \u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662fSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<br>*\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<br>*\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9632\u8303\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\uff08Man-In-The-Middle\uff09\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u7ecf*\/<\/pre>\n<p><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u68c0\u67e5\u9632\u8303\u4e86<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Man-in-the-middle_attack\">\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba<\/a>\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u9690\u542b\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u62e5\u6709\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e72\u574f\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5b83\u771f\u662fAmazon.com\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\u8bf4\u5b83\u662fAmazon.com\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DNS_cache_poisoning\">DNS\u7f13\u5b58\u7834\u574f<\/a>\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4fee\u6539\u6211\u4eec\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8499\u853d\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff08\u5982Amazon.com\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u680f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u8fd9\u6700\u540e\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u5c31\u9690\u542b\u5730\u4fe1\u4efb\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6388\u6743\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u574f\u4e8b\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>Pre-Master Secret<\/h4>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86Amazon.com\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6307\u6570\u201ce\u201d\u548c\u6a21\u6570\u201cn\u201d\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4fa6\u542c\u7684\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\uff08\u8fd9\u70b9 \u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Wireshark\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u6216\u5077\u542c\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fa8\u522b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u505a\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u50cf\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u90a3\u4e48 \u7b80\u5355\u3002\u57281996\u5e74\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53d1\u73b0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netscape_Navigator\">Netscape Navigator<\/a>1.1\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u4ea7\u5668\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudorandom_number_generator\">PRNG<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u548c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u968f\u673a\u201d\u6e90\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u968f\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u731c\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u201c\u968f\u673a\u201d\u6e90\u4ea7\u7684\uff0c\u57281996\u5e74\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u970025\u79d2\u4e2d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u653b\u7834\u201dSSL\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u5bfb\u627e\u968f\u673a\u6570\u662f\u4ef6\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u95ee\u95ee<a href=\"http:\/\/www.schneier.com\/blog\/archives\/2008\/05\/random_number_b.html\">Debian OpenSSL\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005<\/a>\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u968f\u673a\u6570\u641e\u4e71\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/msdn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/library\/aa379942%28VS.85%29.aspx\">CryptGenRandom\u51fd\u6570<\/a>\u5bf9<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.msdn.com\/michael_howard\/archive\/2005\/01\/14\/353379.aspx#353493\">\u6765\u81ea125\u4e2a\u6e90\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e<\/a>\u6c42hash\u503c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002Firefox\u5c06\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u548c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.koders.com\/c\/fidBC778BD3666AA64522D1FD4F4EC3331E44B4D204.aspx?s=RNG_GetNoise\">\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/a>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u7801\u4e00\u8d77\u4f5c\u4e3a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.koders.com\/c\/fidD184CA9064625C0ADF48025F3FA0588FCD664057.aspx\">\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u79cd\u5b50<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a48\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u201cpre-master secret\u201d\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5176\u79c1\u5bc6\u6027\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0cFirefox\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u8bd5\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e<a href=\"http:\/\/www.koders.com\/c\/fidCFCD763A9E0B2BEF3FB9D4D6C17B4094CBF21548.aspx#L2092\">SSLDEBUGFILE<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.koders.com\/c\/fidCFCD763A9E0B2BEF3FB9D4D6C17B4094CBF21548.aspx#L2101\">SSLTRACE<\/a>\u4e24\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0cSSLDEBUGFILE\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2apre-master secret\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>4456: SSL[131491792]: Pre-Master Secret [Len: 48]<br \/>03 01 bb 7b 08 98 a7 49 de e8 e9 b8 91 52 ec 81 &#8230;{&#8230;I&#8230;..R..<br \/>4c c2 39 7b f6 ba 1c 0a b1 95 50 29 be 02 ad e6 L.9{&#8230;&#8230;P)&#8230;.<br \/>ad 6e 11 3f 20 c4 66 f0 64 22 57 7e e1 06 7a 3b .n.? .f.d&#8221;W~..z;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c <a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2246#page-44\">\u6309\u7ea6\u5b9a<\/a>\uff0c\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u662fTLS\u7248\u672c\uff0803 01\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362<\/h4>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\u4f20\u7ed9Amazon.com\u3002\u7531\u4e8eAmazon\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662f\u201cTLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528RSA\u7b97 \u6cd5\u6765\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6b63\u597d48\u5b57\u8282\u7684pre-master secret\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u6807\u51c6\uff08PKCS\uff09#1\uff0cRFC1.5 \u8981\u6c42\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u6570\u6765\u586b\u5145\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u4f7f\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6a21\u6570\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff081024\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u6216\u8005128\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u66f4\u96be\u627e\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u7684pre-master secret\u4e86\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e07\u4e00\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u50bb\u4e8b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u91cd\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u586b\u5145\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5077\u542c\u8005\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4e24\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u7684 \u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aFirefox\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728<a href=\"http:\/\/www.koders.com\/c\/fid1EB31A222A560045DBF9EC54457A1E0339825D58.aspx#L190\">\u586b\u5145\u51fd\u6570<\/a>\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u8c03\u8bd5\u8bed\u53e5\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/8.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u586b\u5145\u540e\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>00 02 12 A3 EA B1 65 D6 81 6C 13 14 13 62 10 53 23 B3 96 85 FF 24 FA CC 46 11 21 24 A4 81 EA 30 63 95 D4 DC BF 9C CC D0 2E DD 5A A6 41 6A 4E 82 65 7D 70 7D 50 09 17 CD 10 55 97 B9 C1 A1 84 F2 A9 AB EA 7D F4 CC 54 E4 64 6E 3A E5 91 A0 06 00 03 01 BB 7B 08 98 A7 49 DE E8 E9 B8 91 52 EC 81 4C C2 39 7B F6 BA 1C 0A B1 95 50 29 BE 02 AD E6 AD 6E 11 3F 20 C4 66 F0 64 22 57 7E E1 06 7A 3B<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Firefox\u62ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u201cC \u2261 M<sup>e<\/sup> (mod n)\u201d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6570\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2246#page-43\">\u5ba2\u6237\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u8bb0\u5f55<\/a>\u4e2d\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/8-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540eFirefox\u53d1\u51fa\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u6ca1\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2246#page-24\">Change Cipher Spec<\/a>\u201d\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/8-2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Firefox\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u77e5Amazon\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9762\u534f\u5546\u597d\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u6765\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u751f\u6210Master Secret<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5219\u53cc\u65b9\uff08\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u53cc\u65b9\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff09\u73b0\u5df2\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a48\u5b57\u8282\u7684pre-master secret\u3002\u4eceAmazon\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\uff1apre- master secret\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1aClient hello\u548cServer hello\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u201cmaster secret\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2246#page-47\">\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u7ea6<\/a>\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>master_secret = PRF(pre_master_secret, &#8220;master secret&#8221;, ClientHello.random + ServerHello.random)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cpre_master_secret\u201d\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u9001\u7684\uff1b\u201cmaster secret\u201d\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ASCII\">ASCII<\/a>\u503c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c6d 61 73 74 65 72 &#8230;\u201d\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u672c\u6587\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u770b\u5230\u7684ClientHello\u548cServerHello\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u62fc\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>PRF\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5f88\u806a\u660e\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2246#page-11\">\u5728\u89c4\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49<\/a>\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMAC\">HMAC<\/a>\uff09\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MD5\">MD5<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SHA_hash_functions#SHA-0_and_SHA-1\">SHA-1<\/a>\u4e24\u79cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0cASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u8bf4\u5b83\u806a\u660e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u9762\u5bf9<a href=\"http:\/\/www.win.tue.nl\/hashclash\/rogue-ca\/\">MD5<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.schneier.com\/blog\/archives\/2005\/02\/sha1_broken.html\">\u548cSHA-1\u7684\u5f31\u70b9<\/a>\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9632\u653b\u51fb\u80fd\u529b\u8fd8\u5f88\u5f3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u9988\u5e76\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u8282\u5c31\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e0b48\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u201cmaster secret\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>4C AF 20 30 8F 4C AA C5 66 4A 02 90 F2 AC 10 00 39 DB 1D E0 1F CB E0 E0 9D D7 E6 BE 62 A4 6C 18 06 AD 79 21 DB 82 1D 53 84 DB 35 A7 1F C1 01 19<\/p>\n<h4>\u591a\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u751f\u6210<\/h4>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u201cmaster secrets\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u7ea6<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2246#page-21\">\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86<\/a>\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528PRF\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u201ckey block\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5757\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>key_block = PRF(SecurityParameters.master_secret, &#8220;key expansion&#8221;, SecurityParameters.server_random + SecurityParameters.client_random);<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201ckey_block\u201d\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5bc6\u94a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>client_write_MAC_secret[SecurityParameters.hash_size]<br \/>server_write_MAC_secret[SecurityParameters.hash_size]<br \/>client_write_key[SecurityParameters.key_material_length]<br \/>server_write_key[SecurityParameters.key_material_length]<br \/>client_write_IV[SecurityParameters.IV_size]<br \/>server_write_IV[SecurityParameters.IV_size]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stream_cipher\">\u5e8f\u5217\u5bc6\u7801<\/a>\u800c\u975e<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Block_cipher\">\u5206\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u5982\u9ad8\u7ea7\u52a0\u5bc6\u6807\u51c6<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Encryption_Standard\">AES<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5411\u91cf\uff08Initialization Vectors <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Initialization_vector\">IV<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u5404\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a16\u5b57\u8282\uff08128\u6bd4\u7279\uff09\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff08Message Authentication Code <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Message_authentication_code\">MAC<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684MD5\u54c8\u5e0c\u6458\u8981\u5927\u5c0f\u662f16\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cRC4\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u768416\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4e5f\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981key block\u4e2d\u76842*16 + 2*16 = 64\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884cPRF\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>client_write_MAC_secret = 80 B8 F6 09 51 74 EA DB 29 28 EF 6F 9A B8 81 B0<br \/>server_write_MAC_secret = 67 7C 96 7B 70 C5 BC 62 9D 1D 1F 4A A6 79 81 61<br \/>client_write_key = 32 13 2C DD 1B 39 36 40 84 4A DE E5 6C 52 46 72<br \/>server_write_key = 58 36 C4 0D 8C 7C 74 DA 6D B7 34 0A 91 B6 8F A7<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>\u51c6\u5907\u52a0\u5bc6\uff01<\/h4>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2246#page-46\">Finished message<\/a>\u201d\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7be1\u6539\u4e86\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u77e5\u9053\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u6d88\u606f\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a \u201chandshake_messages\u201d\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u201cclient finished\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4ee5\u53caMD5\u548cSHA-1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u540e\u201chandshake_messages\u201d\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa12\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u201cverify_data\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>verify_data = PRF(master_secret, &#8220;client finished&#8221;, MD5(handshake_messages) + SHA-1(handshake_messages)) [12]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5934\u5b57\u8282\u201c0x14\u201d\u6307\u660e\u201c\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u8282\u201c00 00 0c\u201d\u6307\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53d1\u900112\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u201cverify data\u201d\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u50cf\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u89e3\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u662fTLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528MD5\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e00\u542c\u5230MD5\u5c31\u611f\u5230\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u539f\u5148\u4e5f\u5f88\u4e0d\u63d0\u5021\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cTLS\u5f88\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528MD5\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMAC\">HMAC<\/a>\u7248\u672c\u3002TLS\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528MDB\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>HMAC_MD5(Key, m) = MD5((Key \u2295 opad) ++ MD5((Key \u2295 ipad) ++ m)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\uff08\u2295\u6307\u7684\u662f<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exclusive_or\">\u5f02\u6216\uff08XOR\uff09<\/a>\uff0c++\u6307\u7684\u662f\u62fc\u63a5\uff0c\u201copad\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u201c5c 5c &#8230; 5c\u201d\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u201cipad\u201d\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e32\u201c36 36 &#8230; 36\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>HMAC_MD5(client_write_MAC_secret, seq_num + TLSCompressed.type + TLSCompressed.version + TLSCompressed.length + TLSCompressed.fragment));<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff08\u201cseq_num\u201d\uff09\u548c\u660e\u6587\u6d88\u606f\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aTLSCompressed\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ff7\u60d1 \u653b\u51fb\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u9014\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u524d\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u63d2\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e72\uff0c\u5219\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u4e00\u5b9a\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4eec\u6254\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5269\u4e0b\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>RC4\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u4ece\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u77e5\u53cc\u65b9\u534f\u5546\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u662fTLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/people.csail.mit.edu\/rivest\/faq.html\">Ron&#8217;s Code<\/a> #4 (<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RC4\">RC4<\/a>)\u5bf9\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ron_Rivest\">Ron Rivest<\/a>\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e256\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684RC4\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5185\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RC4\u4ece\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a256\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u201cS\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece0\u5230255\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u586b\u5145\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u201cS\u201d\u7684\u7b2c0\u4f4d\u5f00\u59cb\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5c06\u201cS\u201d\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u968f\u673a\u201d\u6570\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u201cS\u201d\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u724c\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u53c2\u8003<a href=\"http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/view\/904005.htm\">\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1RC4<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/9.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u548c\u8981\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u8fdb\u884c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exclusive_or\">\u5f02\u6216<\/a>\u8fd0 \u7b97\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u548c1\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u6216\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u53cd\u8f6c\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a0^1=1, 1^1=0\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u9762\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u7ea6\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u53cd\u8f6c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u968f\u673a\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u53cd\u8f6c\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd0\u884c \u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5feb\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u662fAmazon\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u201cclient_write_key\u201d\u548c\u201cserver_write_key\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u8fd9\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2aRC4\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u5bc6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cclient_write\u201d\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u201cE 20 7A 4D FE FB 78 A7 33 &#8230;\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u8282\u548c\u672a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5934\uff08\u7ecf\u67e5\u8bc1\uff0c\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u201c4 00 00 0C 98 F0 AE CB C4 &#8230;\u201d\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u5728Wireshark\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5df2\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/9-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5b83\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u201cChange Cipher Spec\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u201cFinished Message\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u201cFinished Message\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u5bc6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u6b22\u8fce\u56de\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff01<\/h4>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c220\u6beb\u79d2\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u901a\u8fc7TLS\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528RC4\u7684\u5199\u5b9e\u4f8b\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fc7\u7684\u666e\u901aHTTP\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u5bc6\u670d\u52a1\u7aefRC4\u5199\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cTLS\u5c42\u8fd8\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u7684HMAC_MD5\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u6765\u6821\u9a8c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u73b0\u5728TLS\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684content type\u53d8\u621023\uff080x17\uff09\u3002\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4ee5\u201c17 03 01\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8bb0\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b\u548cTLS\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e86HMAC\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5982\u4e0b\u660e\u6587\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>GET \/gp\/cart\/view.html\/ref=pd_luc_mri HTTP\/1.1<br \/>Host: www.amazon.com<br \/>User-Agent: Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US; rv:1.9.0.10) Gecko\/2009060911 Minefield\/3.0.10 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)<br \/>Accept: text\/html,application\/xhtml+xml,application\/xml;q=0.9,*\/*;q=0.8<br \/>Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5<br \/>Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate<br \/>Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7<br \/>Keep-Alive: 300<br \/>Connection: keep-alive<br \/>&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u8282\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/10.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u662f\u4f9d\u6b21\u9012\u589e\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f1\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u201cserver_write_key\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cc4\u9732\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/10-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u89e3\u5bc6\u540e\u5f97\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>HTTP\/1.1 200 OK<br \/>Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 01:09:30 GMT<br \/>Server: Server<br \/>&#8230;<br \/>Cneonction: close<br \/>Transfer-Encoding: chunked<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684HTTP\u8fd4\u56de\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u201cServer: Server\u201dHTTP\u5934\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81eaAmazon\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u7684\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nextthing.org\/archives\/2005\/08\/07\/fun-with-http-%0A%0Aheaders\">Cneonction: close<\/a>\u201d\u5934\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u62fc\u5199\u6709\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TLS\u5c31\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u50cf\u53d1\u9001\u975e\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u6837\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\uff08\u6307\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff09\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e93\uff0c\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u7edf\u4e00\u505a\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/www.openssl.org\/\">OpenSSL<\/a>\u662fTLS\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53cc\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2246#page-25\">closure alert<\/a>\u201d\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u63a5\u7740\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u65ad\u5f00\u540e\u7684\u5f88\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u91cd\u8fde\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u9762\u534f\u5546\u597d\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd8\u7f13\u5b58\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u516c\u94a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u201cHTTPS\u201d\u7279\u522b\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aWeb\u592a\u6d41\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\/IP\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u8fd0\u884c\u5728TLS\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cTLS\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc4217\">FTPS<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc3207\">SMTP\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6269\u5c55<\/a>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528TLS\u80af\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u660e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8981\u597d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u5f97\u8d77\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc5246#appendix-F\">\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u6790<\/a>\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u2026\u2026\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u5de5\uff01<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc5246\">TLS RFC<\/a>\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u9057\u6f0f\u7684 \u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5bf9Firefox\u548cAmazon\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684220\u6beb\u79d2\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u8fdb\u884c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6 \u4e0a\u53d7Amazon\u5728ServerHello\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83 \u5bf9\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u503e\u5411\u66f4\u591a\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u5c06Amazon\u7684\u6a21\u6570\u201cn\u201d\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u201cp\u201d,\u201cq\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u5bc6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230Amazon\u6362\u6389\u5b83\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u6240\u4ee5Amazon\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcf\u5e74\u66ff\u6362\u4e00\u6b21\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5e73\u8861\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infoq.com\/resource\/articles\/HTTPS-Connection-Jeff-Moser\/en\/resources\/11.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u662f\u201cTLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diffie-Hellman_key_exchange\">Diffie-Hellman\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684 \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perfect_forward_secrecy\">\u6b63\u5411\u5b89\u5168<\/a>\u201d\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8fd9\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4eba\u7834\u89e3\u4e86\u5bc6\u7801\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u5bc6\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u76ca\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5fd9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u8bf4\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u52a0\u5bc6\u6807\u51c6\u201d\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Encryption_Standard\">AES<\/a>\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4e0eRC4 \u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4e00\u6b21\u52a0\u5bc616\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5757\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5230256\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u6bd4RC4\u8981\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec5\u9700220\u6beb\u79d2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u4fe1\u4efb\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"http:\/\/github.com\/moserware\/TLS-1.0-Analyzer\/tree\/master\">\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/a>\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u534f\u8bae\u8d70\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5173\u4e8e\u4f5c\u8005<\/h4>\n<p>Jeff \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728<a href=\"http:\/\/www.moserware.com\/\">http:\/\/www.moserware.com\/<\/a>\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/b>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u521d\u53d1\u8868\u5728<a href=\"http:\/\/www.moserware.com\/2009\/06\/first-few-milliseconds-of-https.html\">Moserware<\/a>\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fJeff Moser\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e76\u7ed3\u5e10\u201d\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5373\u5c06\u5bf9\uff08\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff09\u4e0eAmazon\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-8"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2259"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2269,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259\/revisions\/2269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huzs.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}